Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Persepsi Petugas Gawat Darurat Terhadap Kesalahan Medik

Abstract

Kesalahan medik serius paling sering terjadi di intensive care unit, ruang operasi, dan unit gawat darurat. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapat informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan persepsi tenaga kesehatan terhadap kesalahan medik. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap manajer, kepala seksi, kepala ruangan, ke- tua kelompok perawat, dokter dan perawat pelaksana. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif meliputi wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis konten yg membandingkan hasil penelitian dengan teori. Ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, dan persepsi tenaga kesehatan cukup baik, tetapi belum diikuti tindakan, sarana prasarana dan pengawasan yang memadai. Sistem rujukan pasien yang kurang baik menyulitkan keluarga pasien. Kesalahan medik dipengaruhi oleh kasus sulit, pasien banyak dan tindakan tergesa-gesa. Sumber kesalahan medik adalah manusia, komunikasi, pasien. Keterampilan SDM dan kondisi fasilitas telah memadai. Namun, ruangan yang belum memadai dinilai sebagai sumber kesalahan medis. Selain itu, sikap antispasi atasan terhadap kesalahan medik kurang memadai. Untuk memperkecil kesalahan medik yang dilakukan upaya-upaya pelatihan, refreshing keilmuan, kolaborasi sesama tim, perbaikan komunikasi, dan mengikuti SOP.Kata kunci : Kesalahan medik, unit gawat darurat, pengetahuan, sikap, tenaga medisMedical error is known to occur mostly in the intensive care unit, operation room, and emergency unit. The objective of this study is to obtain information on knowledge, attitude, and perception of health workers on medical error. Study was conducted to manager, head of section, head of room, head of nursing team, doctors, and nurse. Qualitative method was employed including in-depth interview, observation, and document review. Analysis was conducted using content analysis that compare study results with theory. The study found that knowledge, attitude, and perception are relatively good, but has not been fol- lowed by appropriate action and not supported by sufficient facilities and monitoring system. Not very good referral system was an obstacle for patient’s fa- mily. Medical error was infleunced to happen by the presence of difficult cases, big number of patients, and in hurry action. The source of medical error was human factor, communication, and patient. Insufficiency or less equipped room was also perceived as source of medical error. Moreover, the attitude of ma- nagement regarding medical error was not really appropriate. To minimize medical error, it is necessary to conduct trainings, refreshing course, collaboration between teams, communication improvement, and SOP compliance.Key words : Medical error, emergency unit, knowledge, attitude, health workers